Gum Tree Hopper: Eurymeloides species

Location: Bunbury, Western Australia.

Season: Early spring 2016

Class: Insecta 

Order: Homoptera 

Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha 

Infraorder: Cicadomorpha 

Superfamily: Membracoidea 

Family: Cicadellidae 

Genus: Eurymeloides

Eurymelidae punctata

Eurymelidae is a genus of Gum Treehoppers which is found all over Australia. They mainly feed on eucalyptus trees. Both adults and nymphs have sucking moth parts that penetrate the tree and suck the sap. The excess sugar that the treehopper doesn't need is excreted which attracts the ants. In exchange for the sugar secretion, the ants provide protection for the nymphs and adults. Ants deter predators that could potentially attack the treehoppers. This symbiotic relationship is mutually beneficial to both ants and the treehoppers. The adults and the nymphs stay in groups, don't move far away from each other and hardly hop. They walk away to the nearest group and huddle up when spooked.

In the above photos, adult treehopper of Eurameloides sp is predominantly black with red ocelli. The tented wings have white and yellow patterned lines running through them. The nymphs at different stages have stark red on black pattern. This morphological feature is seen in Eurymelidae punctata according to this source.

Reference: http://www1.dpi.nsw.gov.au/keys/leafhop/eurymelinae/eurymel.htm

Pittosporum Shield bug: Pseudapines geminata

3rd or 4th instar nymph of Pittosporum shield bug among the seeds in the pod of Karo plant.

Adult Pittosporum shield bug

Nymph of Pittosporum Shield Bug

Early instar nymph of pittosporum shield bug

Class: Insecta

Order: Hemiptera 

Suborder: Heteroptera

 Infraorder: Pentamomorpha

 Superfamily: Pentatomoidea 

Family: Pentatomidae

Genus: Pseudapines 

Pseudapines geminata 

Pittasporum is a genus of shrub native to New Zealand, Australia and parts of Asia and Africa. Whereas some Pittosporum plants such as Sweet Pittasorum, Pittasporum undulatum, are common in East coast, many Pittasporum plant species are introduced to Western Australia. Along with the plant, the shield bug that is specific to the host plant is also introduced. The above plant that grows in my garden in Bunbury, WA is P. crassifolium, commonly known as Karo in New Zealand, with different stages of the corresponding shield bug on it.

The nymphs of Pittosporum Shield Bug: The early instar nymphs are about 2 to 3 mm in size and circular in shape. The black body has symmetrical white spots. They lack wings, as any nymphs of hemiptera. The antennae are orange in colour, the last segment is black. They are shy and hide behind the leaves when disturbed.

The adults of the Pittosporum Shield Bug: The adults have wings. The shield shaped body is dull black with white spots. The outer edges of wings, thorax and the abdomen are orange in colour.  The first two segments of the antennae are orange in colour, followed by alternating black and orange segments.

The relationship between the Pittosporum plant and the shield bug is that of symbiosis based on mimicry complex. The seed pods are three valved capsules which split to expose black sticky seeds with in. The nymphs and the adults of Pittosporum Shield Bug are black in colour with white spots which make them look very similar, almost indistinguishable from the seeds. The seeds serve as food for the shield bug. The shield bugs use their piercing mouth parts to suck the nutrients through the hard outer layer of the seed. When birds and other insects predate on the shield bug, they also carry the sticky seeds with them which helps in dispersion of the seed and propagation of the plant. The shield bugs protect themselves by releasing an alkaloid cocktail which can cause an allergic reaction to the predators (and to humans who handle the insect). These shield bugs are widely regarded as pests of this garden decorative plant, which itself is not native to the region.

reference: Guide To Wildlife of Perth And South West